Uterine fibroids, which are noncancerous uterine growths, afflict millions of women worldwide, causing a variety of symptoms such as excessive blood flow during periods, pelvic pain, and even infertility. Fortunately, medical advances have resulted in a wide range of successful fibroid treatments. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the various treatment options to help women make informed decisions about addressing their fibroids.
Understanding uterine fibroids and their possible effects on a woman's health is crucial before exploring treatment options. Uterine fibroids, sometimes called leiomyomas or myomas, are benign tumors that form within the uterine wall. Their size, shape, and location within the uterus can vary. While some women may not have any symptoms, others can experience a variety of issues that have a substantial impact on their quality of life.
Uterine fibroids are commonly associated with the following symptoms:
Heavy blood flow during menstruation
Prolonged periods
Pelvic discomfort and pain
Frequent urination
Constipation
Back pain or leg pain
Infertility or recurrent miscarriages
Now that we have a better grasp of uterine fibroids, let's look at the various possible fibroid treatments.
When fibroids are small, asymptomatic, or do not negatively impact a woman's quality of life, doctors may advise a watchful waiting strategy. This includes regular check-ups and ultrasounds to ensure the fibroids aren't growing or causing problems. Fibroids can disappear spontaneously over time in certain women, especially after menopause when hormone levels drop.
There are several medications that can help reduce symptoms of uterine fibroids:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs such as ibuprofen can help ease discomfort and decrease excessive menstrual bleeding associated with fibroids.
Hormonal therapy: Hormonal birth control pills, hormonal IUDs, and other hormone-based treatments can help regulate period bleeding and relieve pain. GnRH agonists can also be used to temporarily shrink fibroids by lowering estrogen levels.
Tranexamic acid: Tranexamic acid is a medication that is specially intended to lessen excessive menstrual bleeding and can be used as a short-term treatment for addressing fibroid-related bleeding.
Uterine fibroid embolization is a minimally invasive procedure carried out by interventional radiologists. It involves injecting microscopic particles into the uterine arteries to stop blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink and ultimately die. UFE is an effective choice for women who want to preserve their uterus without undergoing surgery. The recovery period is generally short, and most women are able to resume their typical activities within a week.
A myomectomy is a surgical treatment that removes fibroids from the uterus while leaving the uterus intact. This is a common option for women who want to preserve their fertility or avoid a hysterectomy. Depending on the size and location of the fibroids, myomectomy can be performed through open surgery, laparoscopy, or hysteroscopy.
MRgFUS is a noninvasive treatment that uses focused ultrasound waves of high intensity to heat and kill fibroid tissue. It is guided by real-time MRI imaging, enabling accurate fibroid targeting. This type of treatment works best for women who want to avoid surgery and preserve their uterus. The recovery period is brief, and most women may resume their normal activities within a few days.
Radiofrequency ablation, commonly known as the Acessa treatment, is a minimally invasive treatment that destroys fibroid tissue while leaving the uterus undamaged. It is conducted via laparoscopic surgery and has a shorter recovery period than traditional surgical procedures.
Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. It is considered the last resort for fibroids. This surgery is generally recommended for women who have significant symptoms, large fibroids, or have completed their family planning. Hysterectomies can be performed using different approaches, including abdominal, vaginal, or laparoscopic surgery, based on the specific case.
Managing uterine fibroids involves an individual approach that takes into account the size and location of the fibroids, the severity of symptoms, and a woman's reproductive aims. Fortunately, there are effective treatments ranging from watchful waiting and medication to minimally invasive treatments such as UFE, myomectomy, MRgFUS, and radiofrequency ablation. For people who no longer want to preserve their uterus, hysterectomy is the only permanent option.
Before making a decision, it is critical to contact a doctor who will evaluate your specific situation and recommend the best treatment option. Medical advances and increased awareness of fibroids have allowed women to make informed choices about their well-being and health, allowing them to regain control of their lives.